By Shelton A. GunaratneƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚©2009

Happawana lies east of Galle on A17, the road that leads to Imaduwa and beyond.

At the junction where you get off the bus, a gravel road forking southward across a vast rice paddy implicitly entices you to cross over to the other side to enjoy the salubrious breeze sweeping through the paddy stalks. There you enter the village of Happawana hidden by a thick growth of massive tropical trees presumably for protection against ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-evil eyes.ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚

Three other villages surround HappawanaƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚Bogahamulugoda to the northeast, Annasiwathugoda to the northwest and Meepe to the south in the Habaraduwa Division of Galle District.

ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Somagiri,ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ a house built on a hillock to the left of the road as you walked south, was my older sister RaniƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s home at the time I returned to Sri Lanka on a summer assignment in 1993. It became my operational headquarters in the first month of my stay.

As a professor teaching in an American university, I enjoyed a high degree of academic freedom. Although I was a tenured professor, my annual contract engaged me only for the nine-month school-year. I could take off the entire summer and work at another job (e.g., as a journalist, consultant, laborer or whatever) for my self-improvement. I could not do that in Malaysia or Australia, both of which had inherited the British academic system.

Taking advantage of my summer recess, just two years after my internship at Lake House in 1991, I was back in Sri Lanka playing the role of Mahadenamutta (adviser/consultant) to four ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Yankee DoodlesƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ and the Journalism Unit at the University of Colombo. [I was also planning to take my sabbatical in 1994 teaching and exploring in China and Australia.]

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ Four Doodles and I

The famous British parody of the Americans, now the state anthem of Connecticut, comes to my mind as I write this installment of my journey as a journalist:ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ 

Yankee Doodle went to town

A-riding on a pony

Stuck a feather in his hat

And called it macaroni.

University of Minnesota’s Student Project for Amity among Nations (SPAN) selected me as its 1993 adviser to ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Yankee DoodlesƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ Kendall Lakoduk, Kerry McCue, Corey Mireau and Michelle VanGorkom who chose Sri Lanka (the metaphorical ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-townƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ in the ditty) as their venue for research. Theirs was a brave choice because they were fully aware of the (Tamil) Tiger-initiated bombings that deterred many outsiders from visiting the country.

A photograph of the Sri Lanka group taken during the SPAN orientation on April 17, 1993 (published in the Daily News onƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  June 26), shows five students posing with A. A. Wijetunga, minister attached to the Sri Lanka Embassy in the U.S.; Patrick Mendis, a Sri Lankan scholar; and me. The fifth, Clair Olsen, probably decided not to come after she learnt about the assassination of President R. Premadasa on May 1.

I had to drive the 250 miles from Moorhead to Minneapolis on several weekends beginning Nov. 21, 1992 (SPAN Day 1), and continuing on Jan. 9, 1993 (SPAN Day 2), Feb. 27 (SPAN Day 3) through April 17 (SPAN Day 4) to conduct workshops to acquaint the students with the political, socio-economic and cultural facets of Sri Lanka. Wijetunga and Mendis talked to the students on the last day of orientation prior to departure. On May 16, I joined the SPAN 1993 Bon voyage Banquet at NicklausƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ restaurant in Minneapolis, where participants played skits.

After my arrival at the Katunayake Airport on June 4, 1993, I went straight to ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-SomagiriƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ in Happawana. In no time, the cream of the Happawana intellectualsƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚e.g., Gunapala, the village political analyst; Siripala (alias Sathya Dayaratne), the novelist; and Wickremasinghe, the school masterƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚started to hobnob with me to resolve numerous problems afflicting our society. I soon began playing Mahadenamutta (the great know-all of Sinhala folklore) to these exemplary ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-pupils.ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚

The four ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-DoodlesƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚Lakoduk, McCue, Mireau and van GorkumƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚too had arrived on the island early June to conduct their individual eight-week projects. (In contemporary times, the Yankees appear to have substituted airplanes for ponies!) As agreed upon, I had my first meeting with them on June 12 at the Mount Lavinia Hotel. I was their host for lunch at the hotelƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s Curry Clipper restaurant. I cannot remember whether they wore caps with feathers stuck in them. But they had their swimwear ready for a dip into the sea waters of the world-renowned Mount Lavinia Beach.

The second Mahadenamutta session with my American ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-pupilsƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ was at my Happawana headquarters on Sunday, June 20. I sent my nephew Niraj to meet them in Galle and give them directions to the village. They arrived just before 8 p.m., having spent the previous two days in Hikkaduwa.

The news of the arrival of the Americans in Happawana had spread in the village like wildfire almost an hour before they came. Word-of-mouth was more powerful than any mass medium.

Imagine Mireau and VanGorkom crossing the rice paddy a-riding on a motor cycle, rather than a pony with the villagers gawking at them with friendly amusement. McCue and Lakoduk walking along the gravel road with their backpacks also might have been the cynosure of prying eyes.

We entertained the four SPANers with local treats and a sumptuous dinner.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  Several villagers, including Sathya Dayaratne, dropped by to ostensibly chat with me until close to midnight but actually to get a glimpse of the ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Yankee Doodles,ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ who were going to stay with us overnight.

My son Junius and nephew Niraj took the four foreigners on a tour of the village next morning. The villagers had an eyeful of the aliens to satisfy their curiosity. They returned for a Happawana-style village lunch to remember for the rest of their lives. Then Corey and VanGorkomgot on their motorbike to return to Hikkaduwa while McCue and Lakoduk took a bus trip back to Colombo.

My third Mahadenamutta session with the four SPANers was scheduled for the weekend of July 31 in Kandy, after I returned from a two-week tour of Australia. My son and I took the train from Colombo to Kandy, where we found the ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Yankee DoodlesƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ waiting for me at QueenƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s Hotel since noon. They were delighted to be in Kandy to see the famous Randoli Perahera (procession).ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  Our hosts in Kandy were the family of Uncle Ruberu whose home was at 27 Katukelle Lake Road. We watched the perahera that evening and ate a late supper before retiring to bed.

The annual peraheraƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-a procession of gilded elephants, palanquins, saffron-robed monks, drummers, and chanters mov[ing] majestically to the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy, where Buddha’s tooth is enshrinedƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ (as described in the Encyclopedia Britannica)ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚was a treat for the eyes of the young ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Doodles.ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ The performance of the famed Kandyan dancers, a glittering attraction of the perahera, provided them a remarkable cultural experience.

The SPAN students visited me at the Ruberu home Sunday morning. I introduced them to our hosts. Mireau and VanGorkom left after a while to move from one guest house to another while McCue and Lakoduk decided to lodge with us. They each had paid Rs. 1,000 for a seat to watch the perahera at close range. My son and I joined the families of Wimal Kotmale and Sarath Ruberu to watch the grand finale of the Randoli Perahera that evening despite the rain. The two Americans joined us for a late dinner at 11.30 p.m. They left us early Monday morning to see the elephant orphanage at Kegalle.

That was the last time I saw the four SPANers on this assignment. Early January, SPAN coordinator Julie Sukowatey sent me the ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-first draftsƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ of the studentsƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ projects for my comments. I evaluated their final submissions in March during my sabbatical at the Tianjin University in China. I did not dictate the topics on which they chose to focus. The four ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-DoodlesƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ revealed their findings on contraceptives, television, elephants and gems in the following:

• ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-The effects of ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”¹…”modernƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ contraceptives on ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”¹…”traditionalƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ beliefs and practices in Sri LankaƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ by Kendall Lakoduk,
• ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Television and national development in Sri Lanka: promise and performanceƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ by Kerry McCue,
• ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Elephas maximus: the elephant of Sri LankaƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ by Michelle VanGorkom, and
• ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Sri Lanka: the isle of gemsƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ by Corey Mireau.

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ They ceased to be my ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-disciplesƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ after they got the grades for their Sri Lanka projects.

[When I recently drew the attention of the four SPANersƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ projects to Eric Loo, a journalism educator at the University of Wollongong, he came up with an unexpected response: ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-Yah, I thought their research topics were a bit ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”¹…”OrientalistƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ (?) and their parachute-view of Sri Lankan culture and communication a bit deprecatory/stereotyped/misinformed? ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ Thus, graded below average by Prof. Gunaratne.ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ Loo was a student of mine in Malaysia in the mid-ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”¹…”70s.] ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ 

ConsultancyƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚Colombo-style

On the last Sunday of June, my son and I boarded the Ruhunu Kumari (the train dubbed Princess of Ruhuna) to visit Colombo, so I could meet with the University of Colombo officials regarding the ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-consultancyƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ with the Journalism Unit arranged through Ananda Guruge, the Sri Lanka ambassador in Washington, D.C., in consultation with Vice Chancellor G.L. Peiris of Colombo University.

We found a relative of ours, police officer Kirthi Gajanayake, who agreed to drive me to Mount Lavinia to visit with (former news editor of Daily News) Harold Peiris. We stayed overnight with the Gajanayake family. The next morning, Gajanayake gave me a ride to the Colombo campus.

On campus, I met with the registrar, Nissanka Warakaulle, who turned out to be a contemporary of mine at Peradeniya. He arranged for me to stay at the university Lodge for a month beginning July 22.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  I also met with Professor H. N. C. Fonseka, dean of the faculty of arts, and Professor G. D. Wijeyawardene of the department of Sinhala to discuss what I could do to help the Journalism Unit. Fonseka said I could have ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-study facilitiesƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ with no official ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-consultancyƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ involved. Wijeyawardene said we should meet again on July 22 to work out a schedule.

After visiting the campus, I took a bus ride to Lake House, where I met with Observer editor H. L. D. Mahindapala, Daily News editor Manik de Silva, N. R. J. Aaron and other journalists. I ate lunch with Mahindapala and his wife at their apartment. Gajanayake brought my son and me to the Maradana railway station to board the Ruhunu Kumari and return to Happawana that evening.

During our stay in Happawana, my son and I spent many afternoons exploring the rustic beauty of the village. One afternoon, villager Dayaratne Paranavitana (alias Gunasekera) joined us to climb the Amugodawatte Hill from where we had a good view of the Koggala Oya and the surroundings. On the way back, we chatted with all and sundry.

[I had made arrangements for a two-week visit to Australia from July 5 to July 18 with stopovers in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Rockhampton. The main purpose of this side trip was to present a paper titled ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ…-UNESCO must recover its ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”¹…”universalityƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”š‚ at the Australian Communication Association conference in Melbourne. On the way back, I stopped over in Singapore for two days to visit with Amic secretary-general Vijay Menon and several communication scholarsƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚  at AmicƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚the late Anura Goonasekera, Eddie Kuo, Juan Jamias, Victor Valbuena and Virgilio S. Labrador. I also telephoned former Lake House journalist Philip Cooray, who had moved in to Straits Times.]

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ Next: Part 10B ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”¹…”ConsultingƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬…”Colombo-style and Sharing Nostalgia

[The writer is a professor of mass communications emeritus at Minnesota State University Moorhead. He dedicates this installment to the memory of those journalists who were his contemporaries at Lake House from 1962 through 1967 but are no longer with us.]

ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚ Photo (attached): The writerƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢s ƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ”¹…”headquartersƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢-¾‚¢ in HappawanaƒÆ’‚¢ƒ¢-¡‚¬ƒ¢¢”š¬‚the home of his older sister Rani (middle). The writer and his wife Yoke Sim flank Rani on the left while her husband (Happawana Aiya) and his younger brother (Sudu Mahattaya) are on the right.ƒÆ’-¡ƒ”š‚